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春节词汇汇集

info@21nw.com() — Thu, 04 Mar 2010 02:26:15 GMT

春节 The Spring Festival
农历 lunar calendar
正月 lunar January; the first month by lunar calendar
除夕 New Year's Eve; eve of lunar New Year
初一 the beginning of New Year
元宵节 The Lantern Festival

Customs:

过年 Guo-nian; have the Spring Festival
对联 poetic couplet: two successive rhyming lines in poetry
春联 Spring Festival couplets
剪纸 paper-cuts
年画 New Year paintings
买年货 special purchases for the Spring Festival do Spring Festival shopping
敬酒 propose a toast
灯笼 lantern: a portable light
烟花 fireworks
爆竹 firecrackers (People scare off evil spirits and ghosts with the loud pop.)
红包 red packets (cash wrapped up in red paper, symbolize fortune and wealth in the coming year.)
舞狮 lion dance (The lion is believed to be able to dispel evil and bring good luck.)
舞龙 dragon dance (to expect good weather and good harvests)
戏曲 traditional opera
杂耍 variety show; vaudeville
灯谜 riddles written on lanterns
灯会 exhibit of lanterns
守岁 staying-up
拜年 pay New Year's call; give New Year's greetings; New Year's visit
禁忌 taboo
去晦气 get rid of the ill- fortune
祭祖宗 offer sacrifices to one's ancestors
压岁钱 gift money; money given to children as a lunar New Year gift

Culture Note: In the old days, New Year's money was given in the form of one hundred copper coins strung together on a red string and symbolized the hope that one would live to be a hundred years old. Today, money is placed inside red envelopes in denominations considered auspicious and given to represent luck and wealth

辞旧岁 bid farewell to the old year
扫房 spring cleaning; general house-cleaning

Blessings:

金玉满堂 Treasures fill the home
生意兴隆 Business flourishes
岁岁平安 Peace all year round
恭喜发财 Wishing you prosperity
和气生财 Harmony brings wealth
心想事成 May all your wishes come true
吉祥如意 Everything goes well
国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace
招财进宝 Money and treasures will be plentiful
一帆风顺 Wishing you every success
步步高升 Promoting to a higher position
出入平安 Safe trip wherever you go
祝你新的一年快乐幸福: Wish you happiness and prosperity in the coming year!
事业成功，家庭美满: Wish you success in your career and happiness of your family!

Food names:

年糕 Nian-gao; rise cake; New Year cake
团圆饭 family reunion dinner
年夜饭 the dinner on New Year's Eve
饺子 Jiao-zi; Chinese meat ravioli；dumpling
汤圆 Tang-yuan; dumplings made of sweet rice, rolled into balls and stuffed with either sweet or spicy fillings
八宝饭 eight treasures rice pudding

糖果盘 candy tray:

什锦糖 assorted candies - sweet and fortune
蜜冬瓜 candied winter melon - growth and good health
西瓜子 red melon seed - joy, happiness, truth and sincerity
金桔 cumquat - prosperity
糖莲子 candied lotus seed - many descendents to come
糖藕 candied lotus root - fulfilling love relationship
红枣 red dates - prosperity
花生糖 peanut candy - sweet

鲜为人知的中组部

info@21nw.com() — Tue, 22 Dec 2009 03:36:52 GMT

作者：英国《金融时报》马利德

查看英文原文

在北京天安门广场及中国最高领导人住宅区以西大约一公里，坐落着一幢没有标志的大楼。入口处没有招牌显示楼内办理何种事务。大楼使用者的电话号码没有列入电话簿。从楼里打出的电话不显示来电号码，只有一连串的零。
不过，在今年纪念中国共产党执政60周年之际，这里的工作人员也在悄悄庆祝。这个组织即便在中国国内也鲜为人知，它被称为中组部，即中共中央组织部。经过30年动荡的经济转型，它已成为共产党执政必不可少的组织。
上世纪70年代末以来，中国拥抱市场，推动了高速经济发展和一场社会革命。中国公民在很多方面都比在共产主义制度下的任何时候更为自由，也更为富裕。他们可以在自己喜欢的地方工作，出国旅游，购置房产和轿车。然而，在经济和社会的某些层面放松管制的同时，党下了一番功夫，确保自己紧紧抓住它权力的杠杆。
党仍然直接控制着军队和媒体。中组部是其第三大、也是最鲜为人知的权力支柱，掌握着各级政府和行业的人事大权。市场经济所释放的自由，非但没有削弱该部门的地位，反而令人事控制在权力角逐中变得空前重要。高层官员相信，有能力审查政府官员对领导层的忠诚度，对于党在未来持续掌握执政权是至关重要的。
自2007年年末以来，中组部部长一直由李源潮担任。在新一代中国领导人中，他的思想相对开放。李源潮曾在哈佛大学肯尼迪政府学院(Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University)短期进修，在解放思想、推进党的现代化建设方面，他站在了最前沿。不过，他在组织部的日常职责还绝对是老一套。
中组部复制了前苏联所称的“权贵阶层”(nomenklatura)，即一份组成共产党统治阶层的党员“名单”，名单上的人有资格在政府控制的各个领域担任要职。“制度完全从苏联照搬过来，但中共将其发挥到了极致，”广州中山大学的袁伟时表示。“中国做得更为彻底。（党）想要领导一切。”
要想对中组部的职能范围有所认识，不妨试想在华盛顿有一个平行部门。这个假想的部门将监督以下人事任命：美国各州的州长和副州长，各大城市的市长，联邦监管机构负责人，通用电气(General Electric)、埃克森美孚(ExxonMobil)、沃尔玛(Walmart)及其它50来家最大公司的首席执行官，最高法院(Supreme Court)的法官，《纽约时报》(The New York Times)、《华尔街日报》(The Wall Street Journal) 和《华盛顿邮报》(The Washington Post)的总编辑，各电视广播公司和有线电视台的老板，耶鲁(Yale)、哈佛及其它重点大学的校长，以及布鲁金斯学会(Brookings Institution)和美国传统基金会(Heritage Foundation)等智库的领导。
在中国，所有的对等职位都由党通过中组部任命。除了少数几位象征性的非党人士任命，担任这些职务的人士都是党员。不仅如此，审查过程是闭门进行的；宣布任命时，中组部也不对任命的依据作任何解释。当中组部否决候选人晋升时，它同样秘而不宣。
通过该部门施予的、以最有权的党和政府职位为形式的恩惠，使其成为体制内最激烈内部政治角逐的平台。中共中央政治局成员、各派系集团、中央和省，以及附属于不同部门和产业的个人，无不竭力把自己人安排在政府机构中具有影响力的位置上。
“如果腾出了一个局长职位，北京的许多高层官员都会想让他们的自己人填补空缺。这种时候，中组部的任务会很艰巨，”知名的自由派杂志《炎黄春秋》(Annals of the Yellow Emperor)主编吴思表示。“选拔本应以德才为依据，但实际上它变成了考核你与该部门的关系以及你的后台的地位。归根结底，你无法绕开组织部。”
在政府职位人选未经选举或公开竞争产生的情形下，确保任命的幕后角逐，就成了中国政治的精髓。作为此类争议的“清算机构”，中组部不仅成为整个政治体制的机构中枢，也已成为围绕各项改革的战场——这些改革对党的现代化建设十分关键。
不断相互角力的紧张局面，妨碍了党的现代化进程。政治局力图实现最高官员选拔程序的专业化，但同时又作出惠及亲信和亲属的任命安排，从而破坏了专业化进程。在地方上一人独大的官员则更加明目张胆地无视规则，建立了通过买官牟利的市场。
从表面上看，今天的中组部已与上世纪30年代毛泽东建立的那个组织大相径庭。任命规则已编列成文，形成70多项条款，读起来颇似法律。晋升与工龄、教育水平和每五年必修的党校课程挂钩。
担任省长或市长等职的官员必须接受评级，依据是一长串看似由管理咨询师拟定的数字指标。经济增长率、投资、当地的空气和水质量以及公共秩序，理论上都是绩效评估标准。
中组部已摆出资深跨国猎头公司的全部架势——利用心理测试和测谎仪，并与考虑提拔的官员的同事作秘密面谈。在党内的现代派看来，制定考核标准对提高政府的行政水平、把腐败控制在最低限度至关重要。
但这些规章存在漏洞。比如，被认为是“特别优秀的年轻干部”可以不论资历得到提拔。“最终，一切都取决于有没有人注意到你，”该部门的一名顾问表示。“不存在什么科学的制度。反正在这些复杂的评估中，几乎所有人的得分都一样，因为如果你不一样，你的上司就会难堪。”
中国高层领导人长期以来掌握着特定部门和行业的大权。前总理李鹏曾是电力行业的长期统治者，他的两个孩子在该行业一路晋升至实权职位。另一位前总理朱镕基曾负责金融业，这使他能够任命大型金融机构的主管，自己的儿子也担任了中国最大投行——中国国际金融公司(CICC)的高薪总裁。
科技部门则由党的前总书记江泽民把持。他撇开了中组部内的专家，而将自己的亲信安排至高层，并扶植其子担任上海科技部门要职。不久前，在能源部门高层的任命上，某些主管法制和国家安全的政治局成员也发挥了相当的影响力。
过去十年来，党试图超越裙带关系，转而注重能力。在这方面最有效的手段绝对是一种老式做法。中组部对有发展前途的官员作压力测试，派他们在全国不同地区、不同行政单位之间轮岗，只有在他们经受住考验后，才将他们调回北京，安排进中央权力机构。
以陈德铭为例，在2007年升任商务部长——主管贸易政策、谈判和外资政策——之前，他已经在三个截然不同的职位上任职。
在担任苏州市长、市委书记期间，陈德铭推动把这座地处长江三角洲、邻近上海的城市建设为中国最先进的制造业枢纽之一。他对地方利益的维护，使他赢得了赞誉，即使这曾令北京难堪。
离开苏州后，陈德铭被调往陕西省，他的名声在那里继续得到保持。最后，他被调回北京，主管敏感的能源工作，直至晋升为商务部长，开始主管贸易。
乔治·W·布什(George W. Bush)政府的商务部长卡洛斯·古铁雷斯(Carlos Gutierrez) 2007年曾与陈德铭会面，对于陈德铭上任不久、却对自己的工作有如此之深的理解赞叹不已。古铁雷斯表示，陈德铭的职业生涯令他想起了一些成功的跨国公司让其有前途的管理人员经受的艰苦磨练——先把他们派往不同的区域分公司和表现不佳的部门，让他们深入第一线，然后才调回总部，考察他们在总部的表现。
中组部在逐渐掀开其运作的面纱。不过，改变旧习惯谈何容易。今年，它任命了一名发言人，但迄今尚未公开此人身份。尽管再三请求，但中组部还是没有答应就这篇文章接受采访。
公众能够与北京中组部联系的唯一方式，就是通过其唯一列出的号码12380（该号码有一段录音）或是网站，报告任何“组织”问题。
李源潮的朋友曾开玩笑说，在他们眼里，中组部的保密做法显得荒谬。他们想问一问身为中组部现任部长的李源潮。“我们还是地下党吗？”他的一个老友大声说道。随后他坦言，他可以与李源潮谈论任何事情——但工作除外。
买卖官位

当邻近香港的商业城市深圳市市长许宗衡6月份因涉嫌腐败被罢免时，该案的很多情节人们都很熟悉。许宗衡仍在接受调查，他被指控用批准建筑项目换取贿赂，这是中国贪污控罪的标准罪名。
但对许宗衡的另一项指控，则令中央政府的反腐官员更为担心，那就是，许宗衡的市长职位是买来的。买卖官位在中国地方政府中非常普遍，但买卖市长这样高的职位还很少听说。深圳是中国最富裕城市之一。
在小地方，最受欢迎的待售官位是党委书记和地方组织部部长。这两个职位都拥有极大的自行决定权，能够任命下属官位，以换取钱财。
吉林省组织部的一份内部书面文件，坦率列举了这类交易中的贿赂、腐败、欺诈和不择手段的利己特征。英国《金融时报》得到的这份文件，将升职竞争描述成“四种赛跑比赛”，破坏了组织部规章制度。
在“短跑”中，官员们投机性地抓住领导层重组的机会，游说上级官员提拔自己。在“长跑”中，他们“会通过各种手段巴结奉承领导，并且会进行人情投资，比如招待上司、送礼以及帮助上司解决问题”。
“接力”赛则需要召集“来自亲戚、朋友、同学以及老乡的多层次推荐”，以接近领导。在“障碍赛”中，官员们会越过自己的顶头上司，往往利用已退休的共产党干部代表自己对组织部施压。
1994年到1999年曾担任中组部部长的张全景告诉中国国内媒体：“经历过战争时期的老一辈高层官员与年轻一辈不同，年轻官员往往只为自己考虑，并且主要是为了追逐权力、工资、地位、住房和医疗。这种思想引发了嫉妒心理，助长了买官升职的风气。”
2007年，四川发生的一起案件显示了这个官位市场的价值：一名男子假冒某组织部官员，打着可帮忙谋官的幌子，从当地一名官员那里骗走了6.3万美元。
译者/何黎

林黛玉在西方不再是“黑皮肤荡妇”

info@21nw.com() — Sun, 27 Sep 2009 00:14:35 GMT

　来源：中新网

林黛玉在西方曾经是“黑皮肤荡妇”。对，林黛玉，就是曹雪芹“十年辛苦不寻常”写就的《红楼梦》中的那个林黛玉，在中国家喻户晓的“林妹妹”。

在早期的《红楼梦》英文译本中，黛玉被翻译成为“Black Jade”。专家指出，这个词语还有一个引申义，那就是“黑皮肤荡妇”。而且在英语里面，这也是一个属于贬低女性的不恭的词汇。据说，中国的红学大师吴世昌曾经激烈指责过这个译法。

一晃就是40年。“Black Jade”—— “黑皮肤荡妇”这个译法整整影响了西方世界40年。我非常怀疑这40年间，西方人拿着英译本《红楼梦》的时候，是不是把它当作一本中国古典黄色小说或者用时髦的语言来讲“情色小说”来读的？《红楼梦》在西方难以推广是不是受到了这个不恭词汇的影响？

还好，上个世纪70年代，一个名叫大卫·霍克斯(Daved Hawkes)的英国汉学家在翻译《红楼梦》的时候，改变了“Black Jade”—— “黑皮肤荡妇”这个译法，将林黛玉直接音译为“Lin Daiyu”。尽管有人还在批评大卫·霍克斯，说他把《红楼梦》中的儒释道三家都转译成为基督教了，说他的翻译中还有许许多多的不足，我却以为不必过于苛责了。如果我们也把《红楼梦》看作是中国文化中“软实力”的组成部分的话，那就要知道“软实力”在海外的推广是要花钞票的，是要有“硬实力”作后盾的。或者是中国人有能力翻译出来地道的英译本的《红楼梦》，或者是中国有经济实力聘请国外的专家高手翻译《红楼梦》，然后还要让它上市，还要让它有销路，还要让它能普及。这些，岂是简简单单就能做到的！

今天，我们应该感谢大卫·霍克斯，感谢他把“黑皮肤荡妇”还原为楚楚可人的林黛玉。但是，现在恐怕想感谢他也办不到了，今年7月30日，86岁的大卫·霍克斯去世了。

有人说，英国媒体对大卫·霍克斯的去世非常冷淡，直到8月底才发出讣告。《时代》杂志发表的讣告，文字也只有50字。我说，英国人对他这样冷淡是有道理的，因为他放着牛津大学中文系主任的职位不干，硬是在1970年辞职后全心全意地翻译《红楼梦》，拥有“大英帝国”梦幻的英国人不会对

他热情的。你再看看那个李约瑟，结局也是差不多的。

问题在于，这时候，我们中国的文化部门、文人们、红学家们有什么表示呢？是否作了一些让那些为中国文化“软实力”在海外推广的人以及后人们不感到凄凉的事情呢？在我所见的资讯中，还没有！

(来源：日本新华侨报网；作者：蒋丰)

网友翻译曾经流行语 "用英语来怀中文的旧"

info@21nw.com() — Sun, 27 Sep 2009 00:01:27 GMT

　来源：羊城晚报

　搪瓷缸子 an enamelled cup

　蝙蝠衫 a batwing-sleeved blouse

　红白机 Family Computer

　小红书/红宝书 Little Red Book

■英文怀旧

因为建国六十周年，最近怀旧的人特别多。热心网友翻译了一批新中国曾经的“流行词”。虽然有不尽准确之处，但仍溢满怀旧的味道。

搪瓷带盖大杯 enamel mug with cover

连环画 serial pictures

黑白照片 Black-and-white photo；Black-and-white picture

粮票 grain coupons

布拉吉 one-piece dress

中山装 Chinese tunic suit

海魂衫 a sailor's striped shirt

解放鞋 liberation shoes

喇叭裤 the flared trousers；the bell-bottoms

雪花膏 vanishing cream；face cream

工装裤 overalls；dungarees；jeans

铁皮玩具 Tin Toy

弹弓 slingshot；catapult

魔方 magic cube

水枪 water pistols

胶片机 film camera

电子宠物 cyberpet；cyber pet；electric pet；e-pet

掌上游戏机 Handheld game console

传呼机 BB call

毛主席语录 Quotations from Chairman Mao

邓小平文选 Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping

革命委员会 revolutionary committee

红袖章 red armbands

红卫兵 the Red Guards

红小兵 the Little Red Guards

又红又专 red and expert

最高指示 supreme instructions

知青 Educated youths

上山下乡 go and work in the countryside or mountain areas

迈克尔-杰克逊五页遗书曝光

() — Thu, 02 Jul 2009 09:26:59 GMT

　迈克尔-杰克逊七年前订立的遗嘱美国当地时间1日正式呈送洛杉矶高等法院备案。遗嘱声明全部财产交付信托基金，他的母亲凯瑟琳-杰克逊获得三个子女的监护权，而前妻黛博拉·罗则一无所获。这份遗嘱共分五页，由迈克尔·杰克逊于2002年7月7日订立，迈克尔指定他的律师布兰卡、音乐制作人麦克兰和会计师西格尔为遗嘱执行人。

　　迈克尔在遗嘱中声明，他的全部财产(当时估计超过五亿美元)交付“迈克尔·杰克逊家庭信托基金”，并指定他的母亲凯瑟琳·杰克逊和三名子女为遗产受益人。在子女监护权方面，迈克尔指定母亲凯瑟琳-杰克逊为三名未成年子女的监护人，如果凯瑟琳去世或不愿承担监护权，则由黛安娜-罗斯(美国黑人女歌手)担任子女监护人。

　　以下为杰克逊遗嘱英文全文：

　　LAST WILL OF MICHAEL JOSEPH JACKSON

　　I, MICHAEL JOSEPH JACKSON, a resident of the State of California, declare thisto be my last Will, and do hereby revoke all former wills and codicils made by me。

　　I declare that I am not married. My marriage to DEBORAH JAN ROWE JACKSON has been dissolved. I have three children now living, PRINCE MICHAELJACKSON, JR., PARIS MICHAELKATHERINEJACKSON and PRINCE MICHAEL JOSEPHJACKSON,IT.I have no other children，living or deceased

　　It is my intention by this Will to dispose of all property which I am entitled to Dispose of by will. I specifically refrain from exercisingaU150wersof appointment that I may possess at the time of my death。

　　III

　　I give my entire estate to the Trustee or Trustees then acting under that certain Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust executed on March 22, 2002 by me as Trustee and Trustor which is called the MICHAEL JACKSON FAMILY TRUST, giving effect to any amendments there to made prior to my death. All such assets shall be held, managed and distributed as a part of said Trust according to its terms and not as a separate testamentary trust。

　　If for any reason this gift is not operative or is invalid, or if the aforesaid Trust fails or has been revoked, I give my residuary estate to the Trustee or Trustees named to act in the MICHAEL JACKSON FAMILY TRUST, as Amended and Restated on March 22,2002, and I direct said Trustee or Trustees to divide, administer, hold and distribute the trust estate pursuant to the provisions of said Trust, as hereinabove referred to as such provisions now exist to the same extent and in the same manner as though that certain Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust, were here in set forth in full, but without giving effect to any subsequent amendments after the date of this Will. The Trustee, Trustees, or any successor Trustee named in such Trust Agreement shall serve without bond。

　　I direct that all federal estate taxes and state inheritance or succession taxes payable upon or resulting from or by reason of my death (herein "Death Taxes") attributable to property which is part of the trust estate of the MICHAEL JACKSON FAMILY TRUST, including property which passes to said trust from my probate estate shall be paid by the Trustee of said trust in accordance with its terms. Death Taxes attributable to property passing outside this Will, other than property constituting the trust estate of the trust intentioned in the preceding sentence, shall be charged against the taker of said property。

　　I appoint JOHN BRANCA, JOHN McCLAIN and BARRY SlliGEL as co-Executors of this Will. In the event of any of their deaths, resignations, inability, failure or refusal to serve or continue to serve as a co-Executor, the other shall serve and no replacement need be named. The co-Executors serving at any time after my death may name one or more replacements to serve in the event that none of the three named individuals is willing or able to serve at anytime。

　　The term "my executors" as used in this Will shall include any duly acting personal representative or representatives of my estate. No individual acting as such need post a bond

　　I hereby give to my Executors, full power and authority at any time or times to sell, lease, mortgage, pledge, exchange or otherwise dispose of the property, whether real or, personal comprising my estate, upon such terms as my Executors shall deem best, to continue any business enterprises, to purchase assets from my estate, to continue in force and pay insurance premiums on any insurance policy, including life insurance, owned by my estate, and for any of the foregoing purposes to make, execute and deliver any and all deeds, contracts, mortgages, bills of sale or other instruments necessary or desirable therefor. In addition, I give to my Executors full power to invest and reinvest the estate funds and assets in any kind of property, real, personal or mixed, and every kind of investment, specifically including, but not by way of limitation, corporate obligations of every kind and stocks, preferred or common, and interests in investment trusts and shares in investment companies, and any common trust fund administered by any corporate executor hereunder, which men of prudent discretion and intelligence acquire for their own account。

　　Except as otherwise provided in this Will or in the Trust referred to in Article III

　　hereof, I have intentionally omitted to provide for my heirs. I have intentionally omitted to provide for my former wife, DEBORAH JEAN ROWE JACKSON。

　　Ⅶ

　　If at the time of my death I own or have an interest in property located outside of the State of California requiring ancillary administration, I appoint my domiciliary Executors as ancillary Executors for such property. I give to said domiciliary Executors the following additional powers, rights and privileges to be exercised in their sole and absolute discretion, with reference to such property: to cause such ancillary administration to be commenced, carried on and completed; to determine what assets, if any, are to be sold by the ancillary Executors; to pay directly or to advance funds from the California estate to the ancillary Executors for the payment of all claims, taxes, costs and administration expenses, including compensation of the ancillary Executors and attorneys' fees incurred by reason of the ownership of such property and by such ancillary administration; and upon completion of such ancillary administration, I authorize and direct the ancillary Executors to distribute, transfer and deliver the residue of such property to the domiciliary Executors herein, to be distributed by them under the terms of this Will, it being my intention that my entire estate shall be administered as a unit and that my domiciliary Executors shall supervise and control, so far as permissible by local law, any ancillary administration proceedings deemed necessary in the settlement of my estate。

　　Ⅷ

　　If any of my children are minors at the time of my death, I nominate my mother, KATHERINE JACKSON as guardian of the persons and estates of such minor children. If KATHERINE JACKSON fails to survive me, or is unable or unwilling to act as guardian, I nominate DIANA ROSS as guardian of the persons and estates of such minor children。

　　I subscribe my name to this Will this 7 day of July, 2002

　　MICHAEL JOSEPH JACKSON

　　On the date written below, MICHAELJOSEPH JACKSON, declared to us, the undersigned, that the foregoing instrument consisting of five (5) pages, including the page signed by us as witnesses, was his Will and requested us to act as witnesses to it. He thereupon signed this Will in our presence, all of us being present at the same time. We now, at his request, in his presence and in the presence of each other, subscribe our names as witnesses。

　　Each of us is now more than eighteen(18) years of age and a competent witness and resides at the address set forth after his name。

　　Each of us is acquainted with MICHAEL JOSEPH JACKSON. At this time, he is over the age of eighteen(18) years and, to the best of our knowledge, he is of sound mind and is not acting under duress, menace, fraud, misrepresentation or undue influence。

　　We declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct。

　　Executed on July 7th, 2002 at 5:00pm, Los Angeles

备考四六级英语

() — Sat, 04 Apr 2009 15:03:23 GMT

备考四六级和学习英语有极大不同，备考四六级是学习如何考试，是有许多小技巧的，只要方法得当，过级应当不是难事。

下面我分题型介绍体会：

听力：听力总的来说要先看选项，带着问题听材料，更重要的是培养通过选项猜测听力内容主题的能力。

1.短对话短对话按照新东方老师的说法，是最容易在短时间有明显提高的，因为它的技巧最多。比如新东方老师说的“相近相似相反项，必有一个是答案”，“三一原则”，“女尊男卑原则”，这个大家可以网上搜集，应该很多的。不过个人意见，这种技巧只能当辅助工具，只有在没听懂的情况下用，听懂了还用不是2吗！短对话中最重要的一点是对所谓的“场景关键词”要熟悉，这个在新东方老师是花了大量时间归纳讲解的。有一篇文章专门归纳了，大家可以找找看。

2.长对话长对话在新东方没讲太多，只是说和综合了短对话和短文听力的方法，我自己也是跟着感觉走的。

3.短文听力这个是我的软肋，但很多地方有提到把短文做听写材料听写出来然后多读我感觉很有效。

4.复合式听写新东方提到了“三看一圈”我觉得有点参考价值。一看全文首句，把握文章主题；二看短空格前后单词，确定所填词词性；三看每两个长空格之间的句子长度，把握填写时间。还有所谓奇偶跳跃法填词也可以参考——第一遍只填奇数号的词汇，第二遍只填偶数号的词汇。还有就是单词的速记法问题了，怎么以自己能看懂的方式速记长单词。

阅读：其实阅读一直是我的弱项，但这次我竟然得了220分，绝对出乎我意料。不过我感觉我一个多月的训练还是很有效的。

1.快速阅读快速阅读我一般在平时训练中就感觉很好，这个关键在于快速定位题目对应文章的句子，一般选择醒目的词作定位词了，比如时间、数字、大写字母等。其次做题顺序也有讲究，参照一个方法感觉很有效——先看1、2题题目，再找第1题对应的句子；然后扫视2、3题题目，找第2题对应位置...直到最后一题。多看一题题目是为了防止在扫视文章时漏掉了对应句子，那还有下一题应该能扫到，这样既可以先做后一题，又定位了前一题对应的句子在这题对应句子之前。

2.常规阅读常规阅读我最大的感受是做题不要在于多，而在于精。也就是说每做一套真题要花一定的时间去分析，分析文章的行文，分析哪些地方容易出题，更要分析你为什么做错了。我做完题后一般用红笔要标一下正确答案对应文章的提示信息，并分析我当时为什么没注意，把原因写在题目旁边。分析了十来套题后，发现我的错误之处总有规律性，于是在后面做题中特别注意这些地方。结果有明显提高。当然阅读也有很多方法技巧，比如强调词后容易出题，选项中有太偏激的词语要排除等等。这个网上或资料书上也很多的。

综合：

1.完形/改错这次考了个完型，我比较喜欢改错。但回想起来，在这样一个时间非常紧迫的考试完型更好，因为完型是选择题，可以猜。至于怎么复习，感觉就是多练习，培养感觉。

2.翻译翻译刚开始训练的时候有点无法下笔。后来我在网上看到一个翻译集中训练贴，把上面的翻译整理打印出来了，把一些常用表达背下来，有用。

作文：作文相信很多人都有用模板，我以前也经常用。新东方老师教我们每人写一篇“万能作文”！万能作文顾名思义万能的作文，也就是要准备一篇能直接或简单修改后套用四六级考试的任意一种作文题型。怎么做呢，你多看看一些范文（最好是真题14分或满分范文），再看一些模板提供的衔接句，你会发现很多逻辑结构和语句既可以用在这篇文章，还可以用在其他很多文章上。所以你首先要多搜集一些“万能句”，和“万能逻辑词”。然后试着去拼凑，当你凑出来的文章基本能适应近近10年的作文题型时就成了。（有时需要准备两篇甚至三篇才能实现百分百万能）。考试结果是80多（相当于12分的作文了）。

最后，关于作文我还要引用一下新东方老师的一句话“四六级考试是‘淘劣不选优’考试，你不要想着把你的作文写得多漂亮，只要结构到了，不出语法错，就能得高分！

总的来说，四六级考试就是要吃透真题，把握出题规律。听力材料和阅读文章也是有行文规律的，多听多做，多花时间分析真题就能把握它的出题脉络。

--等咱中国强大了，全叫老外考中文四六级！文言文太简单，全用毛笔答题，这是便宜他们。惹急了一人一把刀一个龟壳，刻甲骨文！论文题目就叫：论三个代表！到了考听力的时候全用周杰伦的歌，《双截棍》听两遍，《菊花台》只能听一遍。告诉他们这是中国人说话最正常的语速！阅读理解全是政府工作报告，口试要求唱京剧，实验就考包粽子。考死他们。

要得好成绩，先要好睡眠

() — Tue, 09 Dec 2008 12:50:18 GMT

简介

研究显示大学生没有保证足够的睡眠，然而，与其考前抱佛脚，不如平时睡好觉。

2008年12月8日
科学美国人 (Scientific American)
史蒂夫米尔斯基（Steve Mirsky）

你可能会认为大学生是睡觉的行家。但是，不规律的时间，聚会，熬夜备考，个人问题，吸毒，酗酒以及各种压力都可以打破学生的睡眠习惯。它对身心都没有好处。德克萨斯技术大学曾经开了一个名为“增进你的睡眠习惯”的课。缺乏睡眠的人们承受着肥胖，糖尿病，心理问题以及车祸的风险。而学生得不到足够的睡眠，通常会伴随着较低的出勤率和较低的评分。

发表在《学习与记忆》（Learning & Memory）上的一份最近的研究发现，可能平时保证睡眠要比为了考试而抱佛脚来得好。200名大学生被指导去玩几种他们并不熟悉的电视游戏。那些在早晨学习该游戏的对象，在他们12小时后第二次玩这个游戏时，遗忘了一些其中的技巧。但是当他们睡了一个好觉后，他们在第二天早晨的游戏表现则好很多。所以请留意：如果你想要得到每门课的A分，请别忘了多拿一些“z”－－zzzZZZ。

Below is the original script. But a few changes may have been made during the recording of this audio podcast.]

You’d think that college students would be experts at sleeping. But odd hours, parties, cramming for tests, personal problems, self-medication with drugs or alcohol and general stress can wreck a student’s sleep habits. Which can be bad for the body and the mind. Texas Tech University is even offering a class called "Improving Your Sleep Habits". People suffering from sleep-deprivation are at an increased risk for obesity, diabetes, psychological problems and car crashes. Students who don’t get enough sleep have poorer attendance and lower grades.

On top of all that, a new study published in the journal Learning & Memory finds that you’re probably better off sleeping than cramming for a test. Two hundred college kids were taught to play a couple of video games that they were unfamiliar with. Subjects who learned the games in the morning lost some skills when they played again 12 hours later. But they did much better the next morning after getting a good night’s sleep. So remember: if you really want to get those A’s, don’t forget to get some zzzz’s.

—Steve Mirsky

大白菜的食疗食谱

() — Sat, 06 Dec 2008 00:51:38 GMT

大白菜是我国最著名的大众蔬菜，同时还是重要的药用食物，对人体有补中、消食、利尿、通便、清肺热、止痰咳等作用，可以治疗肺热咳喘、便秘、腹泻、感冒、冻疮等现症。其验方有：

（1）肺热咳喘：白菜心1个，用筷子扎数个小孔，装入冰糖，在砂锅中蒸熟，吃后盖被保暖。

（2）便秘：白菜帮洗净切薄片，用油炒至八成熟，倒入用酱油、糖、醋、淀粉调成的汗、炒拌均匀后食用。

（3）消化不良引起的腹泻：白菜心或嫩叶洗净剁碎，炒熟，加入佐料，做成菜泥食用。

（4）感冒：白菜根洗净煎汤，每日饮服1茶杯，每日2～3次。用其煎汤洗手足，可治冻疮。

（5）冻疮：大白菜洗净切断煎浓汤，每晚洗患处。

Chinese cabbage is not only one of the most popular vegetables, but also a very important medicinal food. It can replenish the middle-jiao, aid to digest the food, can be diuretic and a purge; and be helpful with clearing away the pathogenic heat of lung, Constipation, diarrhea, cold and chilblain. The proved recipes are as follows:

(1) The pathogenic heat of lung: prepare one heart of Chinese cabbage which was filled with rock candy in the holes that pricked beforehand, boil it in an earthen pot, and Keep warm after eating.

(2) Constipation: clean and slice the leaves of Chinese cabbage, fry them with oil to over medium, add the liquid mixed by soy sauce, sugar, vinegar and little starch, then it can be eat after tossing.

(3) Lientery: clean and cut up the leaves or the hearts of Chinese cabbage, fry them with seasoning, then it can be ate after mashing.

(4) Cold: clean the roots of Chinese cabbage, and fry them first and then add some water to make some soup. One cup can be divided into 2-3 times for one day. Wash hands with it can cure the chilblain

(5) Chilblain: clean and slice the Chinese cabbage, make pottage with them, wash chilblain with the pottage every night.

Ignorance and Gratitude

() — Sun, 30 Nov 2008 01:51:17 GMT

Only by writing down what I eat every day could I face my utter ignorance about the things I put into my mouth in order to feed myself. I know tonight I have a bowl of vegetables and rice. But what exactly are they? Those cute looking little mushrooms could well be one monstrous creation of some laborious mad scientists, only covered in an edible and delicious look. (OK, exaggeration here, but hey, you never know.)

But I don't mean to spread negativity here. I am only trying to say that we take our food and the person(s) who prepares our meals too much for granted. So, I thank you, Mum (she won't be reading this 'cos: 1) she doesn't get online and 2) she doesn't read English) for surprising us with wonderful meals every day with much creativity and skills, and whoever has created those mushrooms and brought them into the market (though not super delicious and they seem to have not come into existence (?) some ten years ago).

但是，我并不意味着在这里传播负面消息。我只是想说，我们把我们的食物和人人都准备的肉食太多了这是理所当然的？所以，我感谢你，妈妈（她当然不会到读这个文章）首先她又不上网）其次当然即使上了她也读不懂英文）对我们所惊讶用于每一天三餐很好的大鱼大肉美味佳馐上下了很多功夫和技能，不管是谁创造了这些香菇，使他们进入市场（尽管不是超级美味，而且他们似乎十几年前还没有大量进入到超市。）

摘于：http://lu-dinner-tonight.blogspot.com/2008/11/ignorance-and-gratitude.html

英语脑筋急转弯～看你能猜出几个？

() — Fri, 28 Nov 2008 02:17:36 GMT

1.Why are girls afraid of the letter C ?

2.Why is the letter E so important?

3.Why are the letter G and letter S in "gloves" close to each other?

4.What letter is an animal ?

5.What letter is a question?

6.Why is U the jolliest letter?

7.How do you feel today?

8.How can you make a rope shorter without cutting or winding it?

9.Why do people wish for something they haven’t got?

10.What can you tell from Peter’s record card with extremely poor grades?

11.What does everybody do at the same time?

12.What resembles half a pie?

13.Who works only one day in a year but never gets fired?

14.When do people have two mouth?

15.Why do lions eat raw meat?

16.How many sides does a circle have?

17.What animal can jump as high as a tree?

18.How can you be completely sleepless for seven days and still lack no rest?

19.Where was the Declaration of Independence signed?

20.If you throw a stone into the Red Sea,what will it become?

21.If two’s company and three’s crowd,what’s four and five?

22.The farmers in this village used modern methods but harvested no apples this year ,why?

23.The injured dog had some difficulty going home.Every step he took, he slipped back two.However,he still managed to get home. How did he do it?If you throw a stone into the Red Sea,what will it become?

24.What falls often but never gts hurt?

25.How did the pick-pocket spot the plain-clothes cop in his woman’s disguise?

26.Which month has 28 days?

27.What is it that everyone wants to have and get rid of too?

28.where did the egg floating down the Mississippi River come from?

29.Lucky Mouse fell off a 1000-step stair and was not hurt.why?

30.Why do giraffes have long neck?

31.How can you make 6 out of three 7’s?

32.How can you make 6 out of three 5’s?

33.how can you make 1000 out of eight 8’s?

34.Can you name the captital of every state in the U.S. in ten seconds?

35.A police officer had a brother ,but the brother had no brother.How could that be?

36.Why does a cat look first to one side and then to the other side when it enters a room?

37.How do you know policemen are strong ?

38.With which hand do you write?

39.What must you do before you return a book to the library?

答案如下（方法请按ctrl+A）

1.Because it makes fat fact!

2.Because it’s the begining of everything!

3.Because there is love between them!

4. It’s the letter B!

5. It’s the letter Y!

6. Because it’s in the midst of fun!

7. With my hands ,of course!

8. Take a longer rope and compare with it!

9. What else is there to wish for? You cease to wish for it once you get it!

10. He didn’t cheat!

11. Grow old!

12. The other half!

13. Santa Claus 圣诞老人

14. When there’s two of them 有两个人时!

15. They don’t know how to cook 他们不知道如何烹饪!

16. Two. The inside and the outside!

17. All animals,for trees can’t jump!

18. Sleep at night!

19. At the bottom!

20. Wet!

21. Nine!

22. They planted peech trees!

23. He walked in the other direction!

24. Snowflakes!

25.He passed by a cosmetics store without looking in the window!

26. Every month has at least 28 days!

27. One’s appetite!

28.From a hen!

29. He fell off the last step!

30. Because their heads are far from their bodies!

31.easy . 7- 7/7=6!

32. easy. 5+5/5=6!

33. easy. 8+8+8+8+88+888=1000!

34.Washinton,D.C.!

35. The police officer was a lady!

36.Because it can’t see both sides at once.

37.Because they can hold up traffic with just one hand!

38. Neither.I use a pen!

39.Borrow the book from library.